Accounatbility in the Global Supply Chain - 1017 Words

Q4. How can accountability be better managed in long, global supply chains? Accountability â€Å"Accountability traditionally meant writing favourable terms into a contract, monitoring vendor performance and then working with the supplier to uphold its obligations† (www.ey.com) While these terms are very important, leading organisations have found that in the supply chain, every sector needs to be addressed and accountability must be incorporated into every level, from supplier to customer. Negotiating a good contract is only a small part of accountability while the most important part is compliance. Each supplier must comply with obligations in the contract they signed. In the case of Mattel, the paint supplier did not comply with the†¦show more content†¦Some of these problems in the supply chain often go unnoticed as the number of links between supply network members. Supplier Ethics Management is the â€Å"management of suppliers and supply relationships with strategies, programs, and metrics that better align supplier business conduct with purchaser standards, with the goal of reducing the purchaser’s overall risk of corporate integrity failure in the supply chain.â€Å" (www.s-ox.com) As we can see Mattel does a pretty good job of of managing risk within its own business. However, it is some of these large multi national companies that often overlook managing corporate integrity risk in there supply networks. Companies have inserted clauses into their standard contracts with suppliers requiring them to comply with the rules and regulations applicable and materials used must exactly that which has been stated in the contract. Better Managing Global Supply Chains Most companies lack the ability to quickly contact each outsourced supplier, vendor or licencee in their supply chain. Many companies have done alot of work in the area of managing global supply chains better. A web based Supplier Ethical Management (SEM) platform has been developed which allows companies to maintain contact information for most or all of its suppliers and communicate critical information to them on a regular basis. Using an SEM platform is probably

A Brief Note On The First Great Awakening - 1489 Words

Woman Suffrage Denied How a changing environment can change people’s perception in love, life, and service to God and mankind. How several women with strong beliefs and approaches to equal opportunity created separation amongst the people. Examining the different rolls women participated in to influence change in America. The Second â€Å"Great Awakening† of the 1790’s, brought change to the New World. â€Å"inspired by the economic progress and democratic spirit of the age and by the religious optimism of the Second Great Awakening, believed that they could improve their personal lives and society as a whole† (Henretta et al, America 321). The Second â€Å"Great Awakening† created an environment in which denominations came together in cooperation. Religious leaders began to establish societies, which â€Å"ministered to the nation† (Henretta et al, America 252). Everyone participating in these societies together, began to serve a larger religious purpose, uniting communities. The Second â€Å"Great Awakening† â€Å"prompted women to demonstrate their piety and even to found new sects† (Henretta et al, America 253). Pioneered by Mother Ann Lee, the Shakers was created in Britain. In 1774, the all women group â€Å"The Shakers† moved to America. By 1820, the women group increased in numbers. Living and operating within a male dominate environment, where â€Å"gender-segregated prayer meetings† still took place the women group wanted change. Since the majority of the church worshipers were women it â€Å"promptedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Great Awakening912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Awakening was when religion was sweeping throughout New England with more conversions and church membership. This spiritual awakening took place from 1735 up until 1745. (Brief Outline Notes on the Great Awakening, 1735-45 ) Most of this had taken place within the American Colonies, especially New England.(McCormick, pars. 9) . 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A WISE wife will make it herRead MorePain And Event Calendar :1561 Words   |  7 PagesC. PAIN AND EVENT CALENDAR: The calendar printout that I am bringing with me to our first appointment on February 16, 2017, will detail the date and nature of my pain and suffering following my injury on November 10, 2017. The pain scale used, which was posted by Ms. Karen Lee Richards, a Chronic Pain Connection Expert, can be found online at https://drpattyschronicintractablepainandyou.wordpress.com/using-the-pain-scale-effectively/. For your reference, this pain scale is listed below. THERead MoreExamining the Character of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare1748 Words   |  7 Pageshim. They are about to kiss when the second sonnet is interrupted by the nurse. The exchange between Benvolio and Romeo, recalls Romeo’s earlier prediction, it’s echoed in Juliet’s line, ‘My grave is like to be my wedding bed.’ From the first appearance of the association of love and death, the love between Romeo and Juliet is marked out not only as exceptional but as doomed, both transcendent and at the mercy of the world. When Juliet says ‘Prodigious birth of love it isRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour1812 Words   |  8 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Awakening.† The book is now herald as her greatest work, yet when it was written reviewers rejected it for its â€Å"improper† and â€Å"vulgar† subject matter (Stripe). One critic deems it â€Å"not a healthy book,† and another determine that â€Å"it leaves one sick of human nature.† One writer even said the language to describe the story was not fit for publication (Stripe). But today â€Å"The Awakening† is widely embraced, and one critic in embracing the book said, â€Å"Mrs. Kate Chopin’s ‘The Awakening,’ seemsRead MoreNew World Explorations: From the 1400s to 2000s2889 Words   |  12 PagesAmerica’s current-probable issue of Space Exploration that may lead to disease, violence, war and global competition. What was then is now†¦ IN 1492, CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS SAILED THE OCEAN BLUE To first understand the issue, we must look into our history. What happened around the 1400’s? First, there was a thought of the possibility to sail further than ever before. A thought was formed, to sail into the unknown. The risks and dangers involved with taking a trip that uncertain and unknownRead MoreThe Growth of a Woman’s Consciousness: Women ´s Movement2072 Words   |  9 Pagesand fighting for equality. The other is the psychological way- â€Å"the removal of obstacles so that you can create your own freedom and you don’t have to ask for it. You don’t have to wait for it to be given to you† (51). â€Å"[T]he great changes in the world will come from a great change in our consciousness† (Nin 2). â€Å"Today we have questioned everything, but we have also entered into some negative rebellion- against rather than for† (Nin 2). The problem is simply this- women have come to realize what they’re

Decision Of Philadelphia The Constitutional Convention Of...

In the book â€Å"Decision in Philadelphia the Constitutional Convention of 1787† by Christopher Collier and James Collier present an exclusive glance at the creating of the Constitution and the events that made the Constitution the way people know it today. Christopher and James Collier begin with historical events that led up to Constitutional creation and a brief summation of the events that were taking place in the country during that time frame. The background that they give provides a good base for the information and allows the reader to see things through the eyes of someone living in the time. During that period, there were many challenges facing America at the time that would have collision on the constitutional convention and the outcomes that would shape the country. One of them being that there was very poor transportation routes and that adversely affected communications. For example the authors quote â€Å"The few interstate roads that existed were frequently n othing more than mile upon mile of mud wallow, cut by hundreds of streams, creeks, and rivers, most of which were unbridged, so they had to be forded, or crossed by ferry† (Collier, 1986, p.14). As a result, due to a lack of this foundation it was very challenging and time consuming for the citizens with travel and communication and diversity was usually unfamiliar to people. At the time people also faced challenges such as the country was divided by religion, ethics, language differences, and majorly economicShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Clashing Interests of The Founding Fathers544 Words   |  3 Pagesopposing forces fought for their beliefs and interests with rigor and determination which prevented the Constitutional Convention from proceeding in a straight line, neatly disposing of one issue after the next until all were dealt with (Collier 120) as noted by Christopher and James Collier, Decision in Philadelphia: The Constitutional Convention of 1787. In conclusion, the Constitutional Convention and the ratification process were flooded with myriad of conflicts of interests between the delegatesRead MoreEssay on Decision in Philadelphia2258 Words   |  10 PagesThe book Decision in Philadelphia the Constitutional Convention if 1787 by Christopher and James Collier offers a unique look at the scribing of the Constitution and the events that not only surrounded it but led up to its creation. The authors take on the events and their creative writing style make the book and enjoyable and fact filled read on one of the country’s most important events. They begin with a historical look at the events that led up to the signing and a brief synopsis of the eventsRead More George Mason Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven his son a plantation named Lexington), in citizens rights, and a non-tyrannical central government (Miers 41). He was known as a great debater, the best that James Madison had ever seen. Mason spoke up many times during the constitutional convention, about different subjects he strongly believed in. During the convention, Mason was directly and strongly involved with the topics of the electoral college, slavery, the Bill of Rights, and a strong central government (Solberg 280). He was

Oil and Gas Industry Project Proposal

Question: Describe about the Key issues hampering the development of a uniform and comprehensive accounting standard for the oil and gas industry? Answer: Introduction The report is focusing on the different important factors of the accounting practices related to the oil and gas industry under international accounting standard. The oil and gas industry having experienced in the juridical activities which is needed to face the challenges for their business projects in the existing industry of oil and gas industry and also frameworks related to this industry. The overall study is all about international accounting standards used in the corporate growth and the certain focus on the environmental factors related to oil and gas industry (Alvesson and Sandberg, 2013). Aim and Objectives The main objective of the oil and gas industry is refining their products. The industry is mainly required huge number of investment for the unpredicted and challenging environment situations of the industry and also required investment for the development of the industry by proper ventures and the sustainability of the long term project of the oil and gas industry (Atilhan, 2013). The study is all about screening the financial risk and the currency fluctuations and the issues related to the accounting risk of the industry according to the perspective of the oil and gas industry. Research Questions According to the dissertation study the research questions are required to enhance the knowledge about the accounting standard related to the oil and gas industry. Here is some questions mentioned for the support to better analysis of the accounting standard related to the issues of oil and gas industry (Beke, 2014). What are the product valuation issues of the oil and gas industry? How to solve the revenues generation issues of the industry with the support of the international accounting standards. What are the financial standard needed to support the project management of the oil and gas industry. What are the significant challenges faced by the industry during their upstream activities and different ventures of the oil and gas industry. How the industry faces their issues related to the taxes and the lease facilities for the operational activity related to the oil and gas industry. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to identify the issues of the management and financial issues sort out by the support of the international accounting standard. The research is all about various perspectives of the issues of the oil and gas industry resolved by the accounting standard which provide the industry to grow according to the development of the unique strategies of the industry. The dissertation report is mainly for the support of the development and progress of the accounting standard issues of the oil and gas industry (Beyersdorff, 2013). Literature Review The theories and the concepts related to the research will recognize over here which will help in the understanding of the dissertation study of the oil and gas industry for better level of understanding. The situation is describing the tools and techniques of the gaining details about the research techniques according to the research process on the oil and gas industry (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). The research is all about the description of the theories and the models related to the accounting standard of the oil and gas industry. The study is related to the qualitative and quantitative research of the accounting concepts of the international accounting standards. The research topic is all about the impact of the standards on the business strategies and issues related to the oil and gas industry. Qualitative and Quantitative Review Benchmarking of accounting standards Benchmarking process is made to specify the products and services provided by the industry and according to the financial performance of the industries accounting standard are applied some new concepts and ideas. Change in management The industry need to manage their management structure and the scenarios according to the changes in the management related standard in the accounting standard which can better modified the industry issues related to the managerial actions. Technology Auditing Process The technologies used by the industry for the operational activities of the company by modified them according to the requirement and strategies and framework of the oil and gas industry. the companies related with the business activities of the oil and gas industries can easily identified that which one is moderate for the industry and providing benefits to the companies by different issues with the support of the accounting standards. Financial modeling process The accounting standards are mainly help in the industry by handling the better financial models of the industry to resolve the issues related to the financial position of the oil and gas industry. The financial model will help to estimate the actual valuation of the industry in the market scenarios. Financial analysis theories and models The financial analysis theories and model are mainly used for the better analysis of the requirement of the business activities in the oil and gas industry to identifying the actual issues related financial status of the company. Univariate model and Multivariate models can be used for the analysis of the financial standards of the industry of oil and gas industry according to the international accounting standard. Univariate model analysis is assumptions of the industry according to the prediction of the financial statements and ratios to identifying the financial status of the company. Cash flow statement and trend analysis of the industry according to the frame work of the accounting standard of the company (Coughlan and Cronin, 2013). Multivariate model analysis will be used for the conflict related to the multiple discriminate analysis of the industry and the Z analysis for the profitability and risk analysis of the industry. The trend analysis is mainly for the help in the good management of the project research and other financial modeling analysis for resolving the different issues of the oil and gas industry. Peer evaluation The analysis of the companies in the oil and gas industry is according to their better work environment and the productivity and the performance of the companies in the industry of oil and gases. And utilization of the different financial structured theories of the better performance of the industry and techniques to resolve the related issues with the support of the accounting standards and practices (Darkwah, 2013). Research Methodology Research onion is a process of research methodology, which helps in analyzing a particular topic of research to provide a proper result about the topic of the research. Research methodology also helps operation process for the academy to do the proper and correct research operation in a particular topic. Research methodology also helps student with the better time division with each stage of the research. In six different divisions, research onion is divided namely Philosophies, Strategies, Choices, Time Horizons, Techniques and Procedures (Herren, 2014). Research Design Research design of a particular topic helps in determining the work structure of a given topic. It helps in the collection and selection of data resource during analyzing the research report. For the benefits of academic student, research design is of three types, exploratory research design, Explanatory research design and Descriptive research design. Data Collection Data collection in a research process helps in highlighting the areas that is comprised of information and facts related to the research topic. Data collection gives a practical understanding of the concerned research topic and accordingly helps in gaining better details of the topic in a better and standardized manner. Data Sources Data sources are the research materials used in study of any topic and are helpful in citing results and information about the topic. Pointed out that primary and secondary are the two broad forms of data sources used in a research work and are considered helpful in providing details related to the topic. In case of primary sources, the researcher directly interact with the involved subjacent or respondents in order to gain most relevant and appropriate information and knowledge. On the other hand, as described by secondary sources are the already published and known facts used to gather background details and better quality of information related to the research about the oil and gas industry (Misund and Osmundsen, 2008). Qualitative and Quantitative Data Collection Data techniques in a research study can be either qualitative or quantitative or both that helps a researcher in conducting research process. Qualitative data is helpful in dealing with descriptive data that deals in giving detailed explanation to the concerned topic. On the other hand, pointed that quantitative data describes viewpoints of larger respondents in a more structured and easy manner and increases the concern of viability as well. However, in quantitative study, thoughts of the respondents are limited due to list of parameters. Research Limitations Research limitations in a research study are held responsible for citing the areas where possibilities of restricted study due to certain factor. In the particular research work, the researcher has tried to list the research limitations that due to certain parameter are restricting in studying the innovative strategies as a process of synchronization in project management. Time Horizons There are many application used to maintained the time horizons for the better outcomes of the current status of the research. The key activities and performance of the project can be researched and maintain the time frame and activities of the quality of report with duration check activities (Salaberry and Comajoan, 2013). Main activities/ stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Topic Selection Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Formation of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection Findings of the Data Conclusion of the Study Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work Proposal Summary Research process for the particular research study is helpful in synchronizing the research tools in the most appropriate ones. This chapter stated the used and selected research tools for evaluating role of innovation strategies in accounting standards and framework. Based on proper justification, each research tool will help in conducting most standardized form of research that will further help in analyzing the data as required in the process of research study about the accounting standards framework related to the oil and gas industry. Reference Aboody, D. (1996). Recognition versus Disclosure in the Oil and Gas Industry.Journal of Accounting Research, 34, p.21. Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. (2013).Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE Publications. Atilhan, M. (2013). An Experimental and Computational Approach On Avoiding Gas Hydrate Problems in Qatar's Oil and Gas Industry.Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, (2013), p.EEP 088. Beke, J. (2014).International Accounting Standardization. Oxford: Chartridge Books Oxford. Beyersdorff, M. (n.d.).International GAAP 2014. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Coughlan, M., Ryan, F. and Cronin, P. (2013).Doing a literature review in nursing, health and social care. Los Angeles: SAGE. Darkwah, A. (2013). Keeping hope alive: an analysis of training opportunities for Ghanaian youth in the emerging oil and gas industry.International Development Planning Review, 35(2), pp.119-134. Herren, G. (2014).Text presentation, 2013. Jefferson: McFarland Company, Inc., Publishers. Misund, B., Asche, F. and Osmundsen, P. (2008). Industry upheaval and valuation: Empirical evidence from the international oil and gas industry.The International Journal of Accounting, 43(4), pp.398-424. Ponmani, S., Nagarajan, R. and Sangwai, J. (2013). Applications of Nanotechnology for Upstream Oil and Gas Industry.Journal of Nano Research, 24, pp.7-15. PPE sealing facility brings benefits to Houston's oil and gas industry. (2013).Sealing Technology, 2013(8), p.5. Salaberry, M. and Comajoan, L. (2013).Research Design and Methodology in Studies on L2 Tense and Aspect. Boston: De Gruyter. Stepankiw, M. (2013). Industry/Research Collaboration Advances Oil and Gas Technologies.Journal of Petroleum Technology, 65(09), pp.88-101. Vandenbussche, V., Thylander, E. and Millet, D. (2014). Best Available Techniques Applied to the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry.International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2014(1), pp.388-399.

Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free essay sample

In this book Billy learns the truth about life; that when having an important responsibility you gain a sense of maturity and adulthood. Billy shows maturity when he tries to save the money for the dogs. First he showed discipline and a sense of responsibility when he had to save the 50 dollars to buy his dogs. Billy saved money for two years working odd jobs and also working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t spend any money while saving and collected everything that would help he kept pennies and any other type of currency. After saving the money he secretly left his house and walked nearly 10 miles through the woods to town. While in town he went to the post office to receive his pups. He also went to the stores in town and purchased items for his family with his own money. Billy going to town on his own and showing the discipline and more importantly, the maturity to buy his dogs furthermore proves the point that having an important responsibility gives you a sense of adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Billy competes against other men and dogs in the coon hunting competition he shows a main transition from being a child to becoming a man. After hunting for a year Billy signs up for a hunting tournament, competing against men who are both older and more experienced hunters. While at the competition a major symbol of him growing up is that before his first hunt his father and grandfather pour three cups of coffee instead of two. This shows that Billy’s elders don’t see him as â€Å"just a kid† but a young adult. He goes on to win the competition while fighting through a blizzard. Billy winning the competition and being offered coffee shows his transition to becoming a young adult. The last example of Billy maturing is him mourning the death of his dogs. His dogs died from a malicious attack from a mountain lion while in the middle of a hunt. Once each dog died Billy was asked by his father if he wanted help burying them but he refused. To me this shows that Billy was accepting the responsibility of his dogs as solely his. This shows a solemn sense of maturity and is his final step to adulthood. Billy buried his dogs under a red fern which is considered sacred in the Ozarks, but when he talks about the red fern growing that symbolizes Billy growing over the death of his dogs and becoming a mature adult. When he buried his dogs under the fern with no help this is the main example of him growing more mature and being a step closer to adulthood. Billy learns that assuming an important responsibility gains you the sense of maturity and adulthood. He learns the importance of responsibility, gaining maturity, and finally becoming an adult. If you remember your first loved pet you must also remember the sad time that animal died. When this happened you may have unknowingly taken a step closer to adulthood and being a more mature person. Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis free essay sample In this book Billy learns the truth about life; that when having an important responsibility you gain a sense of maturity and adulthood. Billy shows maturity when he tries to save the money for the dogs. First he showed discipline and a sense of responsibility when he had to save the 50 dollars to buy his dogs. Billy saved money for two years working odd jobs and also working at his grandpa’s general store. He didn’t spend any money while saving and collected everything that would help he kept pennies and any other type of currency. After saving the money he secretly left his house and walked nearly 10 miles through the woods to town. While in town he went to the post office to receive his pups. He also went to the stores in town and purchased items for his family with his own money. Billy going to town on his own and showing the discipline and more importantly, the maturity to buy his dogs furthermore proves the point that having an important responsibility gives you a sense of adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Red Fern Grows Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Billy competes against other men and dogs in the coon hunting competition he shows a main transition from being a child to becoming a man. After hunting for a year Billy signs up for a hunting tournament, competing against men who are both older and more experienced hunters. While at the competition a major symbol of him growing up is that before his first hunt his father and grandfather pour three cups of coffee instead of two. This shows that Billy’s elders don’t see him as â€Å"just a kid† but a young adult. He goes on to win the competition while fighting through a blizzard. Billy winning the competition and being offered coffee shows his transition to becoming a young adult. The last example of Billy maturing is him mourning the death of his dogs. His dogs died from a malicious attack from a mountain lion while in the middle of a hunt. Once each dog died Billy was asked by his father if he wanted help burying them but he refused. To me this shows that Billy was accepting the responsibility of his dogs as solely his. This shows a solemn sense of maturity and is his final step to adulthood. Billy buried his dogs under a red fern which is considered sacred in the Ozarks, but when he talks about the red fern growing that symbolizes Billy growing over the death of his dogs and becoming a mature adult. When he buried his dogs under the fern with no help this is the main example of him growing more mature and being a step closer to adulthood. Billy learns that assuming an important responsibility gains you the sense of maturity and adulthood. He learns the importance of responsibility, gaining maturity, and finally becoming an adult. If you remember your first loved pet you must also remember the sad time that animal died. When this happened you may have unknowingly taken a step closer to adulthood and being a more mature person.

Become an Architect! What You Need to Know

Become an Architect! What You Need to Know Would you like to become an architect? What classes should you take in school? How do you get started in your career? And (we have to ask) how much money are you likely to earn? All in one place, here are the most frequently asked questions about careers in architecture with links to common sense answers. The advice comes from architects who have participated in our online discussions, with additional comments from Dr. Lee W Waldrep, an Architectural Education Consultant and author of Becoming an Architect. 13 Things Aspiring Architects Should Know Aspiration, inspiration, and respiration- all of these words come from the same root, the Latin word spirare, to breathe. People who aspire to join the world of architecture live and breathe what is called the built environment. Could that describe you? Here are some questions to consider: What is an architect? What types of work does an architect do? How do architects spend their time? Is architecture a licensed profession?How much do architects earn? What is the average starting salary for an architect? Do architects earn as much as doctors and lawyers? What is the average income for an architect? Is a degree in architecture worth the cost? Should students consider choosing a more lucrative profession? What are the future prospects for architects?What can I do with a major in architecture? What jobs can I get if I study architecture in college? What careers use architecture skills? If I dont become a licensed architect, will my degree in architecture go to waste?To be an architect, what subjects should I take in high school? Can I begin preparing for a career in architecture while Im still in my teens? What courses will help me get ready for college? What classes will look impressive on my college application?Where are the best colleges to study architecture? Where c an I find college rankings and how important are they? Which schools are ranked high for architecture and does it matter? What features should I look for when I choose a college? What is accreditation? How can I find out whether a college or university is accredited? If I study architecture, what is the college curriculum like? What classes are required to earn a degree in architecture?  Will I have to study a lot of math? Will I have to take science classes?What books do you recommend for architecture students? What are some of the most important reference books for architecture? What books do professors and architecture students often recommend?Can I study architecture online? Can I educate myself about architecture by taking online courses and watching videos? Can I get college credit by taking online courses?  Can I earn an architecture degree by taking classes on the Internet? Where can I find free college courses?After college how do I start a career in architecture? Will I become an architect as soon as I earn a degree? What tests will I need to take to become licensed? What are the other requirements?What is a Building Designer? Are building designers always architects? Can I become a building designer without earning a degree in arch itecture? What are the licensing requirements to become a Professional Home Designer? Will I need a degree in architecture? What courses should I take? How did architecture become a licensed profession? Did Frank Lloyd Wright have a degree in architecture? Why do architects today have to pass so many requirements? When did the examination process for architects begin?What do the letters after an architects name mean? Why do some architects put AIA or FAIA after their names? What does the acronym CPBD mean? What other  acronymns are important in the building and design professions?Are you interested in architecture? If you are in high school, would you be excited about Six Weeks of Lessons? Or would you just tolerate it? Youve got to love it. Breathe it. Do you have what it takes? French architect Jean Nouvel acknowledged his parents when he accepted the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2008. They taught me to look, to read, to think and to express what I think, Nouvel said. So, begin with the basics. What qualities make a great architect? Here are a few more comments from some seasoned professionals with ideas to share: A good architect should think more by his heart than brain. He should consider each clients dream as if it is his own....An architect must have interest in the surroundings. When others see land, you, as an architect, should see a plan, ideas, and design.Architecture takes passion and dedication together with creativity.What qualities make a great architect? The one who possesses a great understanding of other fields other than arts and architecture.Imagination, creativity, and passion. Having these three qualities is very important in an architect. Architecture is art.An architect must be a planner every time, every day, everywhere, every movement, to achieve the great wishes.To feel emotion and question it. To see the need and do it. To ask the question when all is complete: Was all done that needed to be done?A good architect must be optimistic. A great architect is not made by way of a brain nearly so much as he is made by way of a cultivated, enriched heart.An architect should b e organized, creative, and resourceful. An architect is a person who should be able to handle many co-related jobs simultaneously. Who should have knowledge of geography, history, sociology, and psychology. And capabilities of learning about new building materials in the market, learning about everything, in addition to thinking and designing. Source Jean Nouvel 2008 Laureate Acceptance Speech at pritzkerprize.com/sites/default/files/file_fields/field_files_inline/2008_Acceptance_Speech_0.pdf

How the Phoenicians Settled Carthage

How the Phoenicians Settled Carthage Phoenicians from Tyre (Lebanon) founded Carthage, an ancient city-state in the area that is modern Tunisia. Carthage became a major economic and political power in the Mediterranean fighting over territory in Sicily with the Greeks and Romans. Eventually, Carthage fell to the Romans, but it took three wars. The Romans destroyed Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War, but then rebuilt it as a new Carthage. Carthage and the Phoenicians Although Alpha and Beta are Greek letters that give us our word alphabet, the alphabet itself comes from the Phoenicians, at least conventionally. Greek myth and legend credit the dragon-teeth-sowing Phoenician Cadmus as not only founding the Boeotian Greek city of Thebes but bringing the letters with him. The 22-letter abecedary of the Phoenicians contained only consonants, some of which had no equivalent in Greek. So the Greeks substituted their vowels for the unused letters. Some say that without the vowels, it was not an alphabet. If vowels arent required, Egypt can also make a claim for the earliest alphabet. Were this the only contribution of the Phoenicians, their place in history would be assured, but they did more. So much, it seems as though jealousy prompted the Romans to set out to annihilate them in 146 B.C.  when they razed Carthage and were rumored to have salted its earth. The Phoenicians are also credited with: Inventing glass.The bireme (two tiers of oars) galley.The luxurious purple dye is known as Tyrian.Circumnavigating Africa.Navigating by the stars. The Phoenicians were merchants who developed an extensive empire almost as a by-product of their quality merchandise and trading routes. They are believed to have gone as far as England to buy Cornish tin, but they started in Tyre, in an area now part of Lebanon, and expanded. By the time the Greeks were colonizing Syracuse and the rest of Sicily, the Phoenicians were already (9th century B.C.) a major power in the middle of the Mediterranean. The principal city of the Phoenicians, Carthage, was located near modern Tunis, on a promontory on the Northern Coast of Africa. It was a prime spot for access to all areas of the known world. The Legend of Carthage After the brother of Dido (famed for her role in Vergils Aeneid) killed her husband, Queen Dido fled her palace home in Tyre to settle in Carthage, North Africa, where she sought to buy land for her new settlement. Coming from a nation of merchants she cleverly asked to buy an area of land that would fit within an ox hide. The local inhabitants thought she was a fool, but she got the last laugh when she cut the oxhide (byrsa) into strips to enclose a large area, with the sea coast acting as one border. Dido was the queen of this new community. Later, Aeneas, on his route from Troy to Latium, stopped in Carthage where he had an affair with the queen. When she found that he had abandoned her, Dido committed suicide, but not before cursing Aeneas and his descendants. Her story is an important part of Vergils Aeneid and supplies a motive for the hostility between the Romans and Carthage. At length, in dead of night, the ghost appearsOf her unhappy lord: the specter stares,And, with erected eyes, his bloody bosom bares.The cruel altars and his fate he tells,And the dire secret of his house reveals,Then warns the widow, with her household gods,To seek a refuge in remote abodes.Last, to support her in so long a way,He shows her where his hidden treasure lay.Admonishd thus, and seizd with mortal fright,The queen provides companions of her flight:They meet, and all combine to leave the state,Who hate the tyrant, or who fear his hate....At last they landed, where from far your eyesMay view the turrets of new Carthage rise;There bought a space of ground, which (Byrsa calld,From the bulls hide) they first inclosd, and walld.Translation from (www.uoregon.edu/~joelja/aeneid.html) of Vergils Aeneid Book I Vital Differences of the People of Carthage The people of Carthage seem more primitive compared to modern sensibilities than the Romans or Greeks for one main reason: They are said to have sacrificed humans, babies, and toddlers (possibly their first born to ensure fertility). There is controversy over this. Its hard to prove one way or the other since millennia-old human remains dont easily tell whether the person was sacrificed or died some other way. Unlike the Romans of their time, the leaders of Carthage hired mercenary soldiers and had a capable navy. They were extremely adept at trade, a fact that allowed them to rebuild a profitable economy even after the setbacks of military defeat during the Punic Wars, which included  a yearly tribute to Rome of almost 10 tons of silver. Such wealth allowed them to have paved streets and multi-story homes, compared with which proud Rome looked shabby. Source North African News Letter 1, by John H. Humphrey. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 82, No. 4 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 511-520